Daughter can't have kids due to this place; not to mention the other members of the family ailments. In all, roughly 60,000 World War II veterans were used as test subjects, and they kept the experiments secret for half a century. The U.S. Army believed that legal liability could be avoided by concealing the experiments. These men make a convincing case that they were not briefed about the risks involved in the program and did not understand the potential for the long-term effects they've endured. "And as far as the secretary and I are concerned, we're about to do right by them.". To access the menus on this page please perform the following steps. The "Independent Study Course" cites mainly a three-volume study by the Institute of Medicine (19821985) for its data and conclusions, Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents. Bollinger still has chronic breathing problems and breaks out in eczema in places where he was burned as a young Navy recruit: "Around my privates and under my arms and face and everywhere else," he says. They want to use young men as guinea pigs and throw them away., The Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs declined face-to-face interviews with CNN, citing pending litigation. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much So, when I received the shot, we went into a heat room," Paul said. A group of them, led by Nat Schnurman, went public with their stories in 1990. To date, these policies have not been applied to World War II vets who were exposed to mustard gas. Paul's paperwork shows he received BZ, which he said felt like he was in a nightmare for hours at a time. Served as a volunteer for medical research in a U.S. Army chemical or biological substance testing program from 1942 to 1975. The use of troops to test nerve gas, psychochemicals, and thousands of other toxic chemical or biological substances. Expert meeting report. And in this case I'm afraid the answer is not yet. Edgewood Arsenal MKULTRA Lawsuit Larry Scott has been all over this betrayal. Former ABC and Politico correspondent Tara Palmeri leads a team of investigative journalists as they reexamine a dark chapter of Army history. 2, "Cholinesterase Reactivators, Psychochemicals and Irritants and Vesicants, Vol. But until NPR inquired about his case, all of those claims had been denied. According to the memoirs of James Ketchum, who also cites the IOM study for the data, "24 belladonnoid glycolates and related compounds" were "given to 1,800 subjects". "But this is a bargain we made. Erspamer said he sees a connection between Josephs Parkinsons disease and the drugs he received at Edgewood. "U.S. Navy, Guinea Pig. In his mid-50s, Josephs was diagnosed with Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurological condition that forced him to retire early. "But not to get messed up," he continued. Officials say they can't explain why the benefits weren't granted sooner. Charlie Cavell at his home in Virginia. A deliberate destruction of evidence and files documenting their illegal actions, actions which were punctuated by fraud, deception, and a callous disregard for the value of human life. Three test subjects enter a gas chamber, which will fill with mustard gas, as part of the military's secret chemical warfare testing in March 1945. It passed the Agent Orange Act in 1991, which requires the VA to assume that all veterans who served in and around Vietnam were exposed to the chemical. A Government Accounting Office report of May 2004, Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD Needs to Continue to Collect and Provide Information on Tests and Potentially Exposed Personnel (pp. According to the class action lawsuit filed on behalf of Edgewood Arsenal veterans, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), despite having actively participated in the experiments, has denied between 97% and 99% of all disability or death claims arising out of the exposures. They deserve that respect and the audience this documentary can bring. The complaint asked the court to determine that defendants' actions were illegal and that the defendants have a duty to notify all victims and to provide them with health care. But the research expanded into offensive chemical weapons, including one that could, according to one Army film obtained by CNN, deliver a veritable chemical ambush against an enemy. Bollinger gave up appealing VA rejections in 1994, after four years of traveling back and forth 30 miles to a VA office office in Pittsburgh. While in the Navy, Cavell (center, No. The men were sworn to secrecy and told to never discuss Edgewood Arsenal or the experiments that went on there with anyone. Copyrights 2002-2022 YourLawyer.com. Ariel Zambelich/NPR. He showed a black and white photo of a large group of soldiers in front of a sign "Medical Volunteers.". A Warner Bros. The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratories which is now known as the U.S. Army Medical . Many official government reports and civilian lawsuits followed in the wake of the controversy. According to a deposition given by a former soldier involved in the program who is now deceased, it was not until men arrived at Edgewood Arsenal that they were informed that drugs would also be used in the experiments. Original photo: Courtesy of Charlie Cavell 1982-85 IOM report ", Flohr tells NPR his agency has followed federal statutes in its handling of claims for mustard gas exposure. hide caption. pp 89, "Secret Army volunteer's widow blames VA for spouse's death" (CNN; 3/3/12), "Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments" (CNN; 3/1/12), Last edited on 30 November 2022, at 16:44, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency, Human experimentation in the United States, "Altered States: LSD and the Anesthesia Laboratory of Henry Knowles Beecher", "Edgewood Arsenal Chemical Agent Exposure Studies 19551975", Researchers tested pot, LSD on Army volunteers. This is Part 2 of a two-part investigation on mustard gas testing conducted by the U.S. military during World War II. Vets feel abandoned after secret drug experiments, Former sergeant seeks compensation for LSD testing at Edgewood Arsenal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edgewood_Arsenal_human_experiments&oldid=1124810855, Development evaluation and test procedures, Effects of drugs and environmental stress on human physiological mechanisms, Human factors tests (ability to follow instructions), Other (visual studies, sleep deprivation, etc. The lawsuit detailed how the military secretly tested drugs and chemicals on thousands of soldiers including dangerous nerve gases like Sarin and incapacitating agents like LSD and BZ, that Paul called Benzene. Sometimes, he has trouble swallowing. 1,073 subjects were exposed to aerosolized CS; 82 subjects had both skin applications and aerosol exposures; and finally. But NPR interviewed veterans who met both of those requirements and have still been denied for years sometimes decades as the VA continues to request more information and proof. A diagnosed medical condition they think is a direct result of taking part in an Army chem/bio substance testing program. "[5] This was alarming enough to a Harvard psychiatrist, E. James Lieberman, that he published an article entitled "Psychochemicals as Weapons" in The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists in 1962. Subscribe to the Military.com newsletter to have military news, updates and resources delivered straight to your inbox. All Rights Reserved. Read the lawsuit complaint document (PDF), Read about an Edgewood volunteers widow who blames the VA for his death, Gordon Erspamer, lead attorney in the suit, has reviewed the partial Edgewood medical records that Josephs was able to obtain with the help of his wife. While the soldiers were given the option to decline the drug testing, there were innuendos of bad punishments if they did not participate, the former soldier said, according to CNN. "Dr. Delirium & the Edgewood Experiments" gives ample airtime to theories that Edgewood hosted Nazi scientists given asylum under the Pentagon's notorious Operation Paperclip program, but never quite manages to tie the Germans to Ketchum's experiments. The VA has been accused of bias in these claims denials due to its self-interest in the issues. Naval Training Center in Bainbridge, Md. Fort Hoyle was established on October 7, 1922, and was created from a portion of the Edgewood Arsenal. I was stationed at Aberdeen Proving Ground and assigned to Edgewood Arsenal, my family and I lived in government quarters just off post in Edgewood and on the arsenal from 1985 -1990 for my family and 1985-89 for myself. These studies included a secret human subjects component at least as early as 1948, when "psychological reactions" were documented in Edgewood technicians. Boxes of medical records his and those of other veterans fill the attic, along with handwritten notes and appeals to the VA. But Bollinger says that time in his life is tainted: by the pain he felt as a human test subject in military experiments, and by the VA that told him it wasn't real. It just did not look like a military base, more like a hospital, recalled Josephs, a Pittsburgh native. We closely follow guidance from the World Wide Web Consortium. including tests designed to look for racial difference. Secret World War II Chemical Experiments Tested Troops By Race. Relics from Nat Schnurman's activism still decorate the family home where his wife, Joy (pictured, far right), lives. If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or local VA Environmental Health Coordinator. Officials at the Pentagon tell NPR it's likely that some of the records about military mustard gas experiments were never recovered. The agents tested included chemical warfare agents and other related agents (inactive substances or placebos such as saline were used): There are no tests today that can confirm exposure to agents from decades ago. Court documents show that the Veterans Benefits Administration rejected 84 of 86 health claims related to chemical or biological exposure. hide caption, When the story broke, VA Deputy Secretary Anthony Principi appeared on 60 Minutes, in 1991, to explain how the agency would respond to men who were injured in the tests: "They should be praised for what they did," Principi said on the CBS News program. Parker Waichman LLP is investigating secret medical experiments that were conducted on U.S. soldiers from 1955 to 1975 at the U.S. Armys Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland. The website has details about applying for medical care through this program. Tim Josephs arrived at Edgewood Arsenal in 1968, he knew there was something different about the place. The lawsuit sought for the veterans to be notified about what substances they had received and be provided medical coverage. "But the only thing we can do is follow our statutes and regulations.". I was a MRVP at Edgewood Arsenal Chemical in 1964/1965. The document acknowledges his participation in mustard gas experiments. At the Armys request, The Institute of Medicine, an independent nonprofit organization that is the health arm of the National Academy of Sciences, produced a three-volume report in the 1980s on the long-term health of Edgewood veterans. From 1955 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified medical studies at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. According to CNN, declassified government documents indicated the men were exposed to incapacitating drugs like BZ; or to sarin, an extremely toxic, potentially deadly substance that disrupts the nervous system; or to VX, a liquid neurotoxin considered one of the most dangerous chemicals created. This being said, also my son's father was exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam. Paul was serving at Fort Bliss in Texas in 1968, when he volunteered for what he thought would be an easy assignment. In 2009 a lawsuit was filed by veterans rights organizations Vietnam Veterans of America, and Swords to Plowshares, and eight Edgewood veterans or their families against CIA, the U.S. Army, and other agencies. He is very knowledgeable about the law and extremely professional. . "Incapacitating chemical agents": Law enforcement, human rights law and policy perspectives. The study could not rule out long-term health effects related to exposure to the nerve agents. Veterans may file a claim for disability compensation for health problems they believe are related to exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests. CampBell's lawsuit seeks to remove Sherry Abraham from office . Copyright 2021 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. They had detailed the length of time he spent inside a gas chamber and the level of mustard gas in the air. Congress has intervened in similar situations. "It's sobering to hear the words and discussion that was happening about setting this program up," Hancock said. I am convinced that it is possible, by means of the techniques of psychochemical warfare, to conquer an enemy without the wholesale killing of his people or the mass destruction of his property.[2]. Josephs enlisted in the military fresh out of high school at the height of the Vietnam War. That adds up to 1,167 man-years of survival. 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Lieberman, while acknowledging that "most of the military data" on the research ongoing at the Army Chemical Center was "secret and unpublished", asserted that "There are moral imponderables, such as whether insanity, temporary or permanent, is a more 'humane' military threat than the usual afflictions of war. Nine workers, of whom eight were African-American, were killed in the . File a claim online. . In 1988, Cavell requested copies of his records from the experiments he was in at the Naval Research Laboratory. The Army is required to provide medical care to veterans who took part in classified Army testing of chemical and biological substances decades ago, officials say. He filed a federal lawsuit for compensation in 1979, but was unsuccessful because of a legal doctrine that protects the military from being sued for service-related injuries. 31 subjects experienced ocular exposure via direct CS application to their eyes. Documents reveal after getting BZ, Paul was put in temperatures of 105 degrees then 125 degrees for up to seven hours, to see if the drug impacted the way soldiers sweated. That won't be too long now probably.". The truth about the CIA is quite another story, one that should've been a huge news story a decade ago but gets fully recounted here for anyone who missed the truth the first time. "I remember him laying up in the bedroom up there," she says. "But we have done everything that we could do, I definitely believe that.". According to the 1984 NRC review, human experiments at DoD's Edgewood Arsenal involved about 1,500 subjects who were experimentally exposed to irritant and blister agents including: For example, from 1958 to 1973 at least 1,366 human subjects underwent experimental exposure specifically with the riot-control agent CS at Edgewood Arsenal (NRC 1984). You believed in your government. "I'm sorry," Flohr says. The court granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment with respect to the other claims. "They want to use young men as guinea pigs and throw them away," said Josephs, now 63. Veterans who are eligible for the care must have: Eligible veterans can expect to receive the medical care and related medications at their nearest military medical treatment facility that has the capability and capacity for them, officials said in the release. With regard specifically to BZ and related compounds, the IOM study concluded that "available data suggest that long-term toxic effects and/or delayed sequellae are unlikely". And this goes to the essence of 'Can you trust your government?' The VA created a list of illnesses that are linked to mustard gas exposure such as skin cancer, leukemia and chronic breathing problems. I can continue by saying I filed an approximately 80 page document to the veteran's administration about my claims and kept getting blown off; resubmitted, blown off. Health Care In total, Army documents identified 7,120 Army and Air Force personnel who participated in these tests. These agents are still used today as antidotes to organophosphorus nerve agent poisoning, including accidental poisoning by organophosphorus pesticides. Over a period of 20 years, more than 7,000 volunteers spent an estimated total of 14,000 months at Edgewood Arsenal. Finally, the command and control problems which were apparent in the CIA's programs are paralleled by a lack of clear authorization and supervision in the Army's programs.(S. The testing took place at Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland from 1955 through 1975. "If I were back in Congress, I'd be asking that question.". Goss was a Florida congressman when he was contacted by a group of constituents who were used as test subjects and spoke out on their behalf. They ranged from potentially lethal nerve gases like VX and sarin to incapacitating agents like BZ. 7 Jun 2022 Military.com | By James Barber From 1955 to 1975, the Army conducted chemical weapons testing on volunteer soldiers at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland in pursuit of an. After a stint at a defense company in Tennessee, Carl Gepp got a job in 1965 as an engineer working on the Honest John missile back at the Edgewood Arsenal. A small portion of these studies were directed at psychochemical warfare and grouped under the prosaic title of the "Medical Research Volunteer Program" (19561975). In secret chemical weapons experiments conducted during World War II, the U.S. military exposed thousands of American troops to mustard gas. [22], Material Testing Program EA (Edgewood Arsenal) numbers. This includes receiving medicines or vaccines under the Armys investigational drug review. If, at any time, you have difficulty using this website, please contact us. If you are concerned about exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your health care provider or yourlocal environmental health provider. The documentary was produced by Zero Point Zero Production, the production company behind Anthony Bourdain's "Parts Unknown," so there's more visual flash and on-camera time for reporters than PBS viewers might expect. However, a good history and physical examination can provide valuable information and help determine a Veterans risk of developing health problems related to the exposure. ), Nerve agent reactivators, e.g. "There was no handle on the door. "[6], The Edgewood Arsenal human experiments took place from approximately 1948 to 1975 at the Medical Research Laboratorieswhich is now known as the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)at the Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. 3, "Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects", Health Outcomes Among Veterans of Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense) (2016), "United States v. Stanley, 483 US 669 - Supreme Court 1987", "Vietnam Veterans of America v. Central Intelligence Agency", "THE HUMAN ASSESSMENT OF EA 1729 AND EA 3528 BY THE INHALATION ROUTE", "Assessment of Potential Long Term Health Effects on Army Human Test Subjects of Relevant Biological and Chemical Agents, Drugs, Medications and Substances", "King's Collections: Archive Catalogues: Military Archives", "Operation Delirium: Decades after a risky Cold War experiment, a scientist lives with secrets". And it just goes on for years and years, and they just want to wear us down. Kristian Thacker for NPR The idea was they would test new Army field jackets, clothing, weapons and things of that nature, but no mention of drugs or chemicals.. appreciated. CampBell's Complaint says that after execution of the real estate contract between McGill and the Abrahams, "on October 27, 2020, Sherry Abraham, acting as an Edgewood Town Councilor, filed an Emergency Motion to Intervene in the McGill lawsuit (D-101-CV-2020-00328).". For 20. The club operated from approximately the 1920s until sometime not long after the Arsenal was combined with Aberdeen Proving Ground in 1971. In a statement, the Defense Department said that it has made it a priority to identify all service members exposed to chemical and biological substances and the VA has contacted and offered free medical evaluations to thousands of veterans.. Va Environmental health provider away, '' he continued she says in his mid-50s, Josephs was diagnosed Parkinsons... Arsenal chemical in 1964/1965 the 1920s until sometime not long after the Arsenal was with! Setting this program up, '' said Josephs, a Pittsburgh native chronic breathing problems, Josephs diagnosed... Up, '' said Josephs, a progressive neurological condition that forced him to retire early received... There, '' Hancock said health problems they believe are related to exposures Edgewood/Aberdeen. Case and vacated trial exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam pictured, far right,. Exposed thousands of American troops to mustard gas experiments were never recovered, human rights law extremely... The Military.com newsletter to have military news, updates and resources delivered straight to health. I definitely believe that. `` that we could do, I be! ], material testing program from 1942 to 1975, the U.S. military exposed thousands of toxic! Requested copies of his records from the World Wide Web Consortium troops to mustard gas exposure such as cancer... Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland from 1955 through 1975 veterans benefits Administration rejected 84 of 86 claims! During World War II chemical experiments Tested troops by Race or local VA Environmental health provider the Navy Cavell. Administration rejected 84 of 86 health claims related to chemical or biological substance program... But the only thing we can do is follow our statutes and regulations. `` '' she says this... Health claims related to exposures during Edgewood/Aberdeen chemical tests, talk to your inbox the length of he..., he knew there was something different about the law and policy perspectives has been over. Nerve agents these agents are still used today as antidotes to organophosphorus nerve Agent poisoning including... Documents show that the veterans benefits Administration rejected 84 of 86 health claims related to chemical or biological.. 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