towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. from lands, the diking and draining of tidal marshes, the smoothing and re-vegetation of strip-mine spoil areas [8]. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Books > Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. Kansai International Airport (in Osaka) and Hong Kong International Airport are examples where this process was deemed necessary. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. The practice may be temporary solution . Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. But to avert the impending doom, the Lagos State Government had issued a suspension order on all approvals in respect of land extensions into the Lagoon especially at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. The intertidal zones serve as a platform for carrying out reclamation by hosting heavy machinery such as bulldozers, dredgers and trucks, which are used to dredge the ocean bottom and pump out sand, which is used to fill the area. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . 5 Princes Gate Court, This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. Before exploration the site is prepared through pilling, dredging, sand filling, grading and concreting. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. 3:02 am. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan are being evicted from their home on the British royal family's Windsor estate, a spokesperson said Wednesday, leaving them without a UK base. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed..

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