In 1974, these works were transferred to the regional water authorities, with the Severn Trent Water Authority taking over the role for the Trent catchment. They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. [128] The improvements that have taken place mean that the Trent can be used for public water consumption. At Drakelow upstream of Burton the flow increases nearly three-fold to 36.1m3/s (1,270cuft/s), due to the additional inflow from the largest tributary the Tame. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, It flows through the bustling city of Nottingham, the market town of Newark and the rural Trent Vale. The north part from the south, on my so either sides, Welsh rhyd, "ford") in various place names along the Trent, such as Hill Ridware, as well as the Old Englishderived ford. In 1823 and again in 1831, the Newark Navigation Commissioners proposed improvements to the river, so that larger vessels could be accommodated, but the Trent Navigation Company were making a good profit, and did not see the need for such work. [33][86] In December 2013, the largest storm surge since the 1950s occurred on the Trent, when a high spring tide combined with strong winds and a low pressure weather system, produced elevated tidal river levels in the lower reaches. Not only do these provide baseflows to the major tributaries, the groundwater is an important source for public water supply. [120][121], In 1970, Mr Jennings again raised the issue of pollution through Burton, the River Tame continuing to be a source of the problem, and further improvements were promised. At Stoke-on-Trent in the upper reaches, the average flow is only 0.6m3/s (21cuft/s), which increases considerably to 4.4m3/s (160cuft/s), at Great Haywood, as it includes the flow of the upper tributaries draining the Potteries conurbation. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. [47], Rainfall in the catchment generally follows topography[48] with the highest annual rainfall of 1,450mm (57in) and above occurring over the high moorland uplands of the Derwent headwaters to the north and west, with the lowest of 580mm (23in), in the lowland areas to the north and east. [166] King Edward fortified the Nottingham bridge in 920, while a notable battle took place at Burton's bridge in 1322, and another in 1643. The majority of these urban areas are in the upper reaches of either the Trent itself, as is the case with Stoke, or its tributaries. Tolls were reduced to retain the traffic, wages were increased to retain the workforce, and they sought amalgamation with a railway company. This was caused by fumes rising from the river. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. Pictures & slide show. Historically, these issues resulted in a considerable deterioration in the water quality of both the Trent and its tributaries, especially the Tame. The cost exceeded the authorised capital by a large margin, with the extra being borrowed, but the company continued to pay a 7 per cent dividend on the original shares and on those created to finance the new work. It rises in the county of Staffordshire and, after flowing southeastward, northeastward, and then northward for 168 miles (270 km), enters the Humber estuary 40 miles (65 km) from the North Sea. [116][165], Bridges over the river were created in Saxon times at Nottingham at least (and for a time just north of Newark at Cromwell, although it is not known how long that bridge site lasted), and formed major centres of trade and military importance. [37][39], The low range of hills, which have been formed into a steep set of cliffs overlooking the Trent between Scunthorpe and Alkborough are also made up of mudstones, but are of the younger Rhaetic Penarth Group. [23][77], The largest known flood was the Candlemas flood of February 1795, which followed an eight-week period of harsh winter weather, rivers froze which that meant mills were unable to grind corn, and then followed a rapid thaw. Today, Torksey is an ordinary Lincolnshire village that lies alongside the River Trent and astride the busy A156. The lower Bann flows northward through Lough Beg and carries the waters of Lough Neagh to the sea below Coleraine. [130][131][132] These include wildfowl and wading birds that use the Trent Valley as a migration corridor, with the river also being used as a wildlife route by mammals such as otters and non-native American mink. The use of a maritime pilot on the Trent is not compulsory for commercial craft, but is suggested for those without any experience of the river. Yet Thames and Severne both in this come short of me, It shall not wind with such a deep indent, Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey The river flows in a southerly direction for fifty miles before reaching it's estuary on the Hamoaze, situated on Plymouth Sound in the English Channel. The two men refused to allow any cargo to be landed which was not carried in their own boats, and so created a monopoly. At 188 by 30 feet (57.3 by 9.1m), Cromwell lock could hold a tug and three barges, and was opened on 22 May 1911. [157], Recreational fishing is still popular, although anglers no longer line the banks as they once did. [78][79] In Nottingham, residents of Narrow Marsh were trapped by the floodwaters in their first floor rooms, boats were used to take supplies to those stranded. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). Amie Peck, manager of public and stakeholder engagement with the Canadian Cattle Association says they had . [164], Ferries often replaced these earlier fording points, and were essential where the water was too deep, such as the tidal section of the lower river. As water quality improved from the 1960s onwards, fish numbers recovered, and recreational coarse fishing became more popular. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. The transport of petroleum provided a welcome increase to trade on the river, but little more work was performed before the beginning of the First World War. [83] In Newark the water was deep enough to allow four grammar school boys to row across the countryside to Kelham. Large parts of the city and surrounding areas were flooded with 9,000 properties and nearly a hundred industrial premises affected some to first floor height. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. The flood marks at Girton show that this flood was only 4 inches (100mm) lower than that of 1795, when the village was flooded to a depth of 3 feet (0.91m). The tidal bore (or large wave) on the River Severn in England is famous, but fewer people know of the Trent Aegir, the tidal bore on the River . In order to retain control of the whole river, they supported the inclusion of the Beeston Cut in the bill for the Nottingham Canal, which prevented the Erewash Canal company from getting permission to build it, and then had the proposal removed from the Nottingham Canal company's bill in return for their support of the main bill. The changes were helped by the introduction of more stringent pollution control legislation, which required industrial waste to be discharged to sewers, and the formation of the Trent River Authority, which had new duties relating to managing water quality issues. From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. [58], The river's flow is measured at several points along its course, at a number of gauging stations. The only time it was settled was in the winter of 872 to 873 and, as a result, we can be pretty sure that all these finds date from that winter. It is 50 miles (80 km) [1] long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. [105] The funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. A huge half-moon, a monstrous cantle out. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Trent&oldid=1132366164, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 14:59. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. The residents of the town wanted to increase the use of the branch nearest to them, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1772 to authorise the work. River levels dropped when the floodbank at Morton breached, resulting in the flooding of some 78sqmi (200km2; 50,000 acres) of farmland in the Trent valley. The total length is 80 miles (129 km). In quantity equals not one of yours: [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. The river channel links the remaining, but fragmented wetland areas and nature reserves, providing a refuge for native and migrant species. Wading birds such as Eurasian oystercatcher and great bittern have also been observed at the reserve; as have kingfishers, reed warblers and water rails. [2] Throughout its course, the river mostly flows through the Peak District and its foothills. Beneath the alluvium are widespread deposits of sand and gravel, which also occur as gravel terraces considerably above the height of the current river level. These lower reaches are protected from tidal flooding by a series of floodbanks and defences. At Yoxall, the flow increases to 12.8m3/s (450cuft/s) due to the input of larger tributaries including the Sow and Blithe. Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. [48][50] [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. Using invertebrates as an indicator of pollution levels, it was appropriately named the Trent Biotic index. It was a Viking winter camp. The river originates from Staffordshire, west Midlands of England, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. Archaeologists have recently discovered phenomenal site in Torksey, on the north bank of the River Trent, that has yielded tens of thousands of metal finds over the years. [33][85], Flooding on the Trent can also be caused by the effects of storm surges independently of fluvial flows, a series of which occurred during October and November 1954, resulting in the worse tidal flooding experienced along the lower reaches. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. This may explain the presence of the Romano-British element rid (cf. Restrictions on size mean that the largest vessels that can be accommodated are 100m (330ft) long and 4,500 tonnes. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. [94], The arrival of the railways resulted in significant change for the company. Newark Navigation Commissioners were created, with powers to borrow money to fund the construction of two locks, and to charge tolls for boats using them. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. The Nottingham and Gainsborough Railway offered 100 per share during 1845, but this was rejected. It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. [11], At Shardlow, where the Trent and Mersey Canal begins, the river also meets the Derwent at Derwent Mouth. [158], Salmon, a species that became virtually extinct due to historic pollution, have been progressively reintroduced on the tributaries since 1998, with thousands of salmon parr being released into the Dove and its tributary the Churnet each year. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. "[10], The Trent rises within the Staffordshire Moorlands district, near the village of Biddulph Moor, from a number of sources including the Trent Head Well. [136][137], Other managed wetland sites along the river include Beckingham Marshes, Croxall Lakes, Drakelow, and Willington Gravel Pits. The river crosses a band of Triassic Sherwood sandstone at Sandon, and it meets the same sandstone again as it flows beside Cannock Chase, between Great Haywood and Armitage, there is also another outcrop between Weston-on-Trent and King's Mill. Downstream of the town the villages are often named in pairs, representing the fact that they were once linked by a river ferry between the two settlements. [196][197][198][199][200][201], Established in 1886 the Trent valley sailing club is one of two clubs that use the river for dingy sailing, regattas, and events. The river now flows north-east below the Toot and Trent Hills before reaching Hazelford Ferry, Fiskerton and Farndon. More improvements followed between 1957 and 1960. This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. Lichfield. [34] [23][75][76], One of the earliest recorded floods along the Trent was in 1141, and like many other large historical events was caused by the melting of snow following heavy rainfall, it also caused a breach in the outer floodbank at Spalford. 4 - River Great Ouse - (Estimated Length: 143 Miles) Wiki Info: The River Great Ouse is a river in the United Kingdom, the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse". [132][135] One of the most important of these is Attenborough Nature Reserve, a 226-hectare (560-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which is visited by wildfowl such as Eurasian wigeon and common teal. [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. The otters and non-native American mink also use the river as wildlife route. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. A loan from Nottingham Corporation and a grant from the Unemployment Grants Committee enabled the company to rebuild Newark Nether lock, which was opened on 12 April 1926. A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. key towns of river bann. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. One effect of this pollution was that the upper and middle reaches were completely devoid of any fish life.[115]. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. [154] by anglers, who would travel from South Yorkshire and other surrounding areas, to fish the Trent as their local rivers still remained badly polluted and were absent of fish. [153], The effluent and industrial pollution of the early 20th century, led to a rapid decline in fish stocks, large stretches of the river became fishless and species such as salmon almost disappeared. Menu. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. The recall covers certain Rogues from the 2014 through 2020 model years, as well as Rogue Sports from 2017 through 2022. [182], Along with other major rivers in the Midlands, the Trent is widely used for recreational activities, both on the water and along its riverbanks. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. [185][186][187][188], Historically swimming in the river was popular, in 1770 at Nottingham there were two bathing areas on opposite banks at Trent Bridge which were improved in 1857 with changing sheds and an assistant. [125][129], Artificial changes along the Trent, due to navigation, farming, mineral extraction and drainage works, mean that much of the riparian landscape has been altered, reducing the amount of natural habitat. [28], The Trent basin covers a large part of the Midlands, and includes the majority of the counties of Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and the West Midlands; but also includes parts of Lincolnshire, South Yorkshire, Warwickshire and Rutland. These fording points only allowed passage across the river when water levels were low; when the river was in flood a long detour could be required. Many of the largest historical floods were caused by snowmelt, but the last such episode occurred when the bitter winter of 1946-7 was followed by a rapid thaw due to rain in March 1947 and caused severe flooding all along the Trent valley. [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. [49] Rainfall totals in the Tame are not as high as would be expected from the moderate relief, due to the rain shadow effect of the Welsh mountains to the west, reducing amounts to an average of 691mm (27.2in) for the tributary basin. Open water swimming still takes place at locations including Colwick Park Lake adjacent to the river, with its own voluntary lifeguards. The River Great Ouse meanders through some of the prettiest towns and villages in Cambridgeshire. These include recreational water activities, and once rehabilitated, as nature reserves and wetlands. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. [40] Once worked out, the remaining gravel pits which are usually flooded by the relatively high water table have been reused for a wide variety of purposes. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. In a new channel, fair and evenly; [168][169]) Cavendish Bridge was itself damaged beyond repair by a flood in March 1947, requiring a temporary Bailey bridge to be used until a new concrete span was constructed in 1957. The National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, near Nottingham combines facilities for many of these sports, including rowing, sailing and whitewater canoeing. [176], The tall chimneys and concave shaped cooling towers of the many power stations are a dominant and familiar presence within the open landscape of the Trent valley, which has been widely used for power generation since the 1940s. The most recent occurrence involved the Celtic Endeavour being aground near Gunness for ten days, finally being lifted off by a high tide.[102][103][104]. Water level management is important in these lowland areas, and the local watercourses are usually maintained by internal drainage boards and their successors, with improved drainage being assisted by the use of pumping stations to lift water into embanked carrier rivers, which subsequently discharge into the Trent. In some areas, successive layers of peat were built up above the lacustrine deposits during the Holocene period, which created lowland mires such as the Thorne and Hatfield Moors. Raising finance was difficult, but some was subscribed by the chairman and vice-chairman, and construction of Cromwell Lock began in 1908. [115], The Tame pollution also reached the Trent as well, with one of the worse affected reaches being that downstream of the confluence with the Tame through Burton, this being exacerbated by its late introduction of sewage treatment, and the substantial wastewater arising from the breweries in the town. The Newark Navigation Commissioners financed improvements to Newark Town lock at the same time, and dredging of the channel was largely funded by selling the 400,000 tonnes of gravel removed from the river bed. Much of the river's route, with the exception of the city of Derby, is rural. [163] The importance of these fords was demonstrated by their inclusion in the 1783 navigation Act, which limited any dredging at these sites so that they remained less than 2 feet (0.61m) deep. I received this morning a letter from the secretary of a Burton rowing club. After this confluence, the river turns north-east and is joined by the Soar before reaching the outskirts of Nottingham, where it is joined by the Erewash near the Attenborough nature reserve and enters Nottinghamshire. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. Today, exploring the lovely old riverside buildings provides a great family day out. He also took out an injunction against the council to prevent the ongoing contamination causing a "most foul and offensive stench", the river not even being suitable to water grazing cattle on the estate. With a course of 143 miles . These include the Sherwood sandstones that occur beneath much of eastern Nottinghamshire, the Permian Lower Magnesian limestone and the carboniferous limestone in Derbyshire. This resulted in the release of raw sewage and the chemical into the river, killing thousands of fish, and posing a health risk to river users as far south as Burton. 109. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. [90], Between Trent Falls and Keadby, coastal vessels that have navigated through the Humber still deliver cargoes to the wharves of Grove Port, Neap House, Keadby, Gunness and Flixborough. Efird Companies began in 1965 as the original developer of the Town of River Bend in . [56] This can be a result of a sudden rise in temperature after a prolonged cold period, or when combined with extensive rainfall. [154] This led to comments that the river had become too clean for its fish, and its popularity, especially for match fishing, declined from the mid 1980s. 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Route, with its own voluntary lifeguards the what are the key towns of the river trent sea developer of the of... To any additional rainfall locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and once rehabilitated, as as! Of its source North of Stoke-on-Trent anglers no longer line the banks as they once did including the and... The rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution flow increases to (! Species are still spotted in river Trent is the third-longest river in the contrasting characteristics... Town of river Bend in is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning `` strongly flooding.... Tributaries including the Sow and Blithe page was last edited on 8 January 2023 at... Long and 4,500 tonnes also includes the green spaces and Gardens of takes place locations. Also includes the green spaces and Gardens of `` Trent '' is possibly from Romano-British...
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what are the key towns of the river trent