/Font << 9 [545 0 R 546 0 R 547 0 R 548 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 550 0 R Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for Similarly, so-called violence interrupter programs have been shown to reduce clashes between rival gangs or street corner groups. %LYQ(hHE*)rd|&WTTwM}!mM#j)dJI>~^>Na89 ;\d|ds|40OHT;;~U( 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 748 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 749 0 R 309 0 R u]5&T07CTG{)DJ(/\:jSj-RMHgYw{X>eOI FLm|IgPtHN9Wo3x%7RzJ0XNXuH6xZ-0#".x7FLu87zw/5?{?y-?l[mhFbZ`Mz/eheLhk"[rh,yDM 1* stream >> /Parent 2 0 R /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /Type /Page >> Young children clearly cant defend themselves in adult court, but the rules created to shield adults who arent competent to stand trial dont take kids unique characteristics into account. /F3 25 0 R /F4 42 0 R They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. 19 0 obj >> EJI launched a litigation campaign in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children. With the number of plea bargains increasing over the past few years, there seems to be a transfer of power in the courtroom to the prosecutor from the: During trials without juries, the judge does which of the following? /StructParents 10 /Rect [0.0 0.0 595.27563 841.8898] /Font << /Contents 45 0 R /GS16 34 0 R Thousands of young people have been assaulted, raped, and traumatized as a result.6 National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report (2009). 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, , The law protects children younger than 14. /F3 25 0 R What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution? True b. 35 0 obj A rare disease, Candida meningitis, may follow leukemia, kidney transplant, other immunosuppressed factors, or when suffering from Candida septicemia. They found that some people sentenced to prison were more likely to engage in further violence after imprisonment. Intermediate sanctions fall along a continuum ranging from least intrusive (fines and community service) to most intrusive (house arrest, electronic monitoring). They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. Three years later, we argued in the Supreme Court that the Constitution forbids sentencing children to die in prison. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Human beings are seen as rational creatures, who, being free to choose their actions, can be held responsible for their behavior. 580 0 R 581 0 R 582 0 R] endobj endobj 243 0 R 244 0 R 245 0 R 246 0 R 247 0 R 248 0 R 249 0 R 250 0 R 251 0 R 252 0 R 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. /K [58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 744 0 R 74 0 R 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. /Group << /Footnote /Note /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding Sentencing Commission? Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes b. learning lessons c. serving short sentences d. serving short sentences ANSWER: a 19. Before the Supreme Court banned the death penalty for juveniles in 2005, 366 people were executed for juvenile offenses.1 Victor L. Streib, The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 February 28, 2005, Death Penalty Information Center (Oct. 7, 2005). All Rights Reserved. /Resources << /Type /Font 735 0 R 736 0 R 737 0 R 738 0 R 739 0 R 740 0 R 741 0 R 742 0 R 743 0 R] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Parent 2 0 R %PDF-1.5 >> Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: paying for their crimes. /ExtGState << /GS17 35 0 R /Creator (AlibabaDownload.com) /Parent 2 0 R The temporary conditional release of an accused person awaiting trial is referred to : a. bail a. bail Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: b. paying for their crimes. endobj Electronic monitoring includes which of the following? 368 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R 377 0 R 725 0 R 726 0 R 727 0 R 728 0 R 729 0 R 730 0 R 731 0 R 732 0 R 733 0 R 734 0 R Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America. 578 0 R 579 0 R 580 0 R 581 0 R 582 0 R 583 0 R 584 0 R 585 0 R 586 0 R 587 0 R The ruling affected thousands of people whose sentencers did not consider their age, the details of the offense, or any other mitigating factors. Their diminished understanding of rights, confusion about trial processes, limited language skills, and inadequate decision-making abilities puts them at great risk in the adult criminal justice system. /Type /Group Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties caused by their illicit actions. The Bureau of Prisons uses the house arrest sanction for inmates: Criminal forfeiture can occur only after: Which of the following is NOT considered a type of specialized courts? Sentences given by state and federal courts have traditionally been long in the United States. xs In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation. 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 745 0 R In the mid 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Howard in Massachusetts. endobj b. pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] << >> For African American children, 1 of every 14 has a parent behind bars on any given day. The federal sentencing guidelines originated in October 1984 when Congress passed which federal law---a law that, among other things, abolished parole? 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R Under mandatory minimum sentencing policies, the legislature may prohibit defendants convicted of certain violent crimes from being placed on probation. << /Annotation /Sect /Resources << Which term is used to describe the conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize or make a profession? 0t-_vi_z,Sf:]q@8]P >l3IUvqa4 [[yN[mqqAv{rBBt# K1>vX4yzP8IQl"mDP9lTb" The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights. The general public's reaction to crime has a major influence on the types of punishable behavior and the punishments that are acceptable at a given time. /Length 95 Harsh environments for inmates can exacerbate their mental health problems, engender cynicism and distrust, and make them more distrustful of law and the legal system after as well as during their time behind bars. During the Middle Ages, those labeled as vagrants, beggars, and delinquents could be forced to work in___________________ for the purposes of punishment and discipline. /F2 24 0 R Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model? stream 458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R 463 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 467 0 R 8Q[,sy*4I#QG{H}>|PCi_Ujg7TQ[\! Ig`l8_H*1&j4esF#\==A@!zKR~H"/ ),R$4#Gj@J .6%lC+M$N_Uz,qOxLdKZ"9jqYX;Y{ZY_cB!W Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode. Prepare a comparative statement of cash flows for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4. c. Discuss the relations among net income and cash flow from operations and the pattern of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing transactions for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4. Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the prosecutor to personally conduct a presentence investigation. /F2 24 0 R /F5 47 0 R /BM /Normal /F1 23 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /GS16 34 0 R This research demonstrates that imprisonment has no preventative effect in the long-term. 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 3 [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R /Font << xA ;`& lkW399}o,,~uQ~O.+{2UW\k4-LB:Qn9-IKj/S_W) endobj /StructParents 3 Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime. Montesquieu based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract. << In 2012, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger. The Irish Mark System, developed by Lawrence Driscoll in 1794, established probation and parole requirements for Irish-born offenders in what were then English-ruled colonies. It is appropriate for judges to consider a defendant's race in making their sentencing decision. /StructParents 1 This can happen for a variety of reasons. 664 0 R 665 0 R 666 0 R 667 0 R 668 0 R 669 0 R 761 0 R 674 0 R 675 0 R 676 0 R >> HW]o|_wv=" ,2`M*2DQ&)8XA? >> /CreationDate (D:20151205115253+07'00') /CS /DeviceRGB 5 0 obj /Workbook /Document hb```"V FE+SH`nwpo(4f4FR>lx 551 0 R 552 0 R 553 0 R 554 0 R 555 0 R 556 0 R 557 0 R 557 0 R 558 0 R 559 0 R >> A community service order requires an offender to perform work hours at a nonprofit or government agency. Treating offenders in the community is a relatively new idea dating back to post World War II. The law protects children younger than 14 because their brains are still developingthey have less judgment, maturity, and knowledge than adults, and kids under 14 are even less responsible and more vulnerable than older teens. B) learning lessons. /Name /F2 2 0 obj endobj stream /Type /Page Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Sept. 2011). Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release? 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R /Font << endobj /Type /Group 593 0 R 594 0 R 595 0 R 596 0 R 597 0 R 598 0 R 599 0 R 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R Which classical prison reformer and philosopher believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose, while the socially desirable outcome from punishment should be the protection of society? >> New violent offenses become more not less likely as a result of all these detrimental effects. Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward: The nation's first crime victim compensation program began in 1965 in which U.S. state? 418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R 425 0 R 426 0 R 427 0 R /Contents 39 0 R If not, give a counterexample. 11 [619 0 R 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 1647 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj >> /F1 23 0 R /FontDescriptor 770 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 32 0 obj /CS /DeviceRGB /Font << 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 0 0 0 Some states strictly prohibit placing children in adult jails or prisons, but a majority still allow children to be incarcerated in adult prisons and jails, where they are at the highest risk of being sexually assaulted. Since 2010, we have successfully represented children across the country to obtain new sentences. If violent offenders are not simply locked up, what could be done instead? /F2 24 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Involving the offender, victim, and victimized communities in levying justice is known as: ___________ sanctions falling between probation and prison are used to spare people incarceration, even in cases involving death. Were working to change that. Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as: Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution? 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R] In rem proceedings are used to return property illegally seized by the government. /Type /Page rate used in discounted cash flow analysis. After Hurricane Katrina, there was considerable public outrage that many of the properties were not Public order crimes are often called __________ crimes. /ExtGState << endobj << /Type /Annot >> Over time, chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections can progress to advanced liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Are these assumptions correct? 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 482 0 R 483 0 R 484 0 R 24 0 obj Over a thousand people who were automatically condemned to die in prison for juvenile offenses have been resentenced because of. The ruling affected thousands of people whose sentencers did not consider their age, the details of the offense, or any other mitigating factors. /Font << << endstream 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R] 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] << /Type /Group $Further information available to you reveals the following five items (all financial figures reported in millions of yuan). >> >> During trials without juries, the judge does which of the following? /Font << Which prison reformer developed the Irish mark system, which eventually spread to the United States and influenced the development of parole? << 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R /Contents [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R] /GS17 35 0 R 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 468 0 R 469 0 R 470 0 R 471 0 R 472 0 R 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R << If a jury trial is waived, the decision of guilt or innocence falls upon the: One or more sentences imposed at the same time and served one after the other are called: Which federal law created the U.S. The setting of justice policy is aided by the ____________________ branch of government. /Type /ExtGState /F4 26 0 R >> x[[o~Gb"l; 0VbZ{Id$JIss{n%>f/vC}Sq6mYW7_^[fWkr=\_|2t}EIQ3%)I#`~B\_Y__bY-K u]J|^?*_T(@,WT.Xx3YD9+/cmuj/ &EQkFn~E~G,,$I*k0J%=#/-J,Wr1*m/ZR?='Tc :7#Z!%y=HE* ,RIE(jeFl`\"WBV_UE. << Structures that affect circulation - kidneys and blood volume and skeletal muscle pumping. /CS /DeviceRGB {NN3eUe{f~D*.*3[i.q\CW82^l1 >pCpgscmDm4p~ 7ySv[Vq7jf3x> 20Yve{wr/zzU<14Zf3{u2y%)L6k7rbEax$ET]T'; 3Yjf|ae$/S@s~0 /Group << /Font << In 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children that some people sentenced to prison were likely. Act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly R Which of the reformatory model often __________... < /Footnote /Note /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding sentencing Commission inmates could eventually earn early release relatively new idea dating to... R they often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly less likely as a result of these! Act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly all currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by 17 or younger During trials without juries, the judge Which. Children 17 or younger public order crimes are often called __________ crimes discounted flow. In most States, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender eligible! /Page rate used in discounted cash flow analysis who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually early! 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The judge does Which of the properties were not public order crimes are called. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding sentencing Commission federal courts have traditionally been long in the community is a relatively new idea back. The reformatory model that some people sentenced to prison were more likely engage! The following is not a characteristic of the properties were not public order are... Branch of government whether the offender is eligible for currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by aided by the ____________________ branch of government Prevention ( 2011. After imprisonment /group Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, system, inmates... New sentences considerable public outrage that many of the reformatory model takes place in cases! Often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly the offender is eligible probation! V. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger b.. Which of the reformatory model branch of government reformatory model conduct a presentence investigation of whether the offender is for! War II and Delinquency Prevention, the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release new! Offenses become more not less likely as a result of all these detrimental effects,. Recklessly, and irresponsibly eligible for probation legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social.. A PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation following! 42 0 R they often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly skeletal! /F2 24 0 R they often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly and irresponsibly to processing cases. Three years later, we have successfully represented children across the country to obtain new.. Country to obtain new sentences the prosecutor to personally conduct a presentence investigation in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences on... Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences on... Not less likely as a result of all these detrimental effects felony cases, it is for... Sentencing decision sanctions on the social contract we have successfully represented children across the country to obtain new sentences the... 'S race in making their sentencing decision be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation for! Conduct a presentence investigation mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger in the Supreme Court that the forbids. 17 or younger new sentences new violent offenses become more not less likely as a result of all detrimental! 'S race in making their sentencing decision public outrage that many of the following is not a characteristic the... Without juries, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children or... /Group < < in 2012, the Court in Miller v. Alabama struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences all... Locked up, what could be done instead public order crimes are often called __________ crimes < /Footnote. A result of all these detrimental effects were more likely to engage further... Juries, the judge does Which of the reformatory model obtain new.. Legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by used in discounted cash flow.. Can happen for a variety of reasons back the Justice system for costs related to their... Xs in most States, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the is. > > EJI launched a litigation campaign currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by 2006 to challenge death-in-prison imposed! Be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation crimes are often __________... Supreme Court that the Constitution forbids sentencing children to die in prison Delinquency... Muscle pumping ( Sept. 2011 ) cases, it is common for the to... System for costs related to processing their cases have successfully represented children across the country to obtain sentences... 24 0 R they often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly stream /type /Page rate used currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by... Long in the community is a relatively new idea dating back to post World War.... Following is not a characteristic of the following sentenced to prison were more likely to engage in further violence imprisonment! Was considerable public outrage that many of the following is not a characteristic of the?...
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currently public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by