minerva mirabal husband

Patria, Minerva and Maria became known as THE BUTTERFLIES or in Spanish LAS MARIPOSAS. She and her revolutionary husband, Manolo Tavarez, have two children: Minou and Manolito. Their husbands Manuel and Leandro were transferred to a prison in Puerto Plata, a location much closer to their homes, which made visiting them frequently possible. Balaguer was Trujillo's protg and had been the president at the time of the assassinations in 1960 (though, at the time, he "distanced himself from General Trujillo and initially carved out a more moderate political stance"). There she would tell visiting children of how her sisters deaths ultimately helped spark a revolution that led to Trujillos overthrow in 1961, paving the way for democracy to be restored. She is deaf, and Maria Teresa teaches her how to write her name. The oldest of the Mirabal sisters, she is the most religious. Gregarious, good-looking, and politically active Minerva frequently visited the capital Santo Domingo to spend time with friends who shared her anti-Trujillo sentiments. He proceeded to make her life and her family's lives hell. Mara Argentina Minerva Mirabal, the third Mirabal sister, and the one most wrapped up in the revolution. I think we get the voices of all the sisters in the narrative. In some ways, we become brave, almost by accident.. She died at the age of 88, and professed her entire life that it was her destiny to survive so that she was able to "tell their story". The sisters became known as "Las Mariposas," or "The Butterflies." The economy improved, leading to better education, an expanding middle class, and public works. An example of one of these organizations is the Mirabal Sisters Cultural and Community Center, a non-profit organization that seeks to improve the status of immigrant families.[42]. Maria Teresa's roommate at Dona Hita's. When her sisters met with other activists, she would watch their children. [10] Between 1992 and 1994 Ded started the Mirabal Sisters Foundation and the Mirabal Sisters museum to continue her sisters' legacy. She is unable to read or write, though Maria Teresa teaches her a little. [19], Later in her life, Mara Teresa dated Leandro Guzmn. They were taken to separate locations in a ravine so that the victims could not see each other's execution. No one believed the government's account. She is a doctor, and after they are released, Minerva and Patria visit her to ask about the state of the movement. Patria's priest, who is "straight out of seminary and brimming with new ideas." [32][33][34][35], Hermanas Mirabal station of the Santo Domingo Metro is named to honor the Mirabal sisters. [3], The 137-foot obelisk that Trujillo built in 1935 to commemorate the renaming of the capital city from Santo Domingo to Ciudad Trujillo has been covered with murals honoring the sisters. More books than SparkNotes. Patria's husband was not incarcerated but she went along for moral support. The sisters were called "Las Mariposas" (the butterflies) as a covert way of referring to their work within and outside the organization. Dede married Jaimito Reyes in 1949. There were four sisters in total: Patria, Minerva, Dede, and Maria Teresa. The Mirabals' maid, who continues to work for Dede in 1994. Victor Alicinio Pen, the head of the northern division of the SIM. [6] In 1949, the Mirabal family was invited to a party for the local elite where Minerva first caught the eye of Rafael Trujillo, so much so that the Mirabals were invited to a different party by Trujillo himself. It did something to their machismo, Bernard Diederich wrote in his book Trujillo: The Death of the Dictator (2000). Minerva married Manalo Tavarez in 1955. Minerva Mirabal was born on March 1, 1925 Salcedo, Dominican Republic. Her sections of In the Time of the Butterflies are narrated in diary form. While the nation had been freed from Trujillo, they were not yet free of the regime's oppression. [16] According to the historian Bernard Diederich, Minerva Mirabal was arrested twice; she was first jailed in January 1960, at the start of the wave of repression of 1J4 members where "hundreds of 1J4 members are rounded up and tortured"[17] She once said "It is a source of happiness to do whatever can be done for our country that suffers so many anguishes. Anyone can read what you share. Patria and Pedrito's son, who becomes involved in the revolution and is arrested along with his father. In the Time of the Butterflies study guide contains a biography of Julia Alvarez, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. One day, when Minerva was 22, the Mirabals were forced to attend one of Trujillo's parties, much to the ire of their father, Don Enrique Mirabal. Patria's husband, Pedro Gonzlez, escaped arrest by going into hiding. The youngest sister, Mara Teresa Mirabal, attended the same university, but focused on engineering (via Casas Museo Hermanas Mirabal). An example of a hero is Minerva Mirabal, who fights in the Dominican Republic for change. [5] She once said "We cannot allow our children to grow up in this corrupt and tyrannical regime. [17] Everyone in the family, including Patria's teenaged children, helped distribute pamphlets about the many people whom Trujillo had killed, and obtained materials for guns and bombs to use when they eventually openly revolted. The couple had only one son, who died shortly after birth. [4] [3] Manolo was also a law student who joined her in her revolutionaries. On the way home, they were stopped by Trujillo's henchmen. In Julia Alvarez's historical novel In the Time of the Butterflies, Minerva is characterized as both an individual and a . First, he was in the army, and all the people who were above him kept disappearing until he was the one right below the head of the whole armed forces.". What if I send my followers to get you? he threatened. Once free, they continued their underground political work, albeit more discreetly. Members of the Mirabal family had been arrested on more than one occasion. Biography - Minerva mirabal. She graduated Immaculada Concepcion in 1946 and stayed at home with her father under duress. Laura Derby reports in "The Dictator's Seduction" that Trujillo was known to have young women he found attractive abducted so he could sleep with them. With the exception of Ded Mirabal, all of the sisters spread political dissent alongside their husbands. She has a little girl and is "pretty dark with quite a kink in her hair." Blgica Adela Mirabal Reyes was born on March 1, 1925, to Enrique Mirabal Fernndez and Mercedes Reyes Camilo. They have three sons: Enrique, Rafael, and David. When the three Mirabal sisters stood up against one of the bloodiest tyrants the Americas had ever seen, their only mission was to make the world a better place for their children. Papa's dark side is exposed when Minerva discovers his second family. She even rams into her father's vehicle out of anger. In 1999, the United Nations designated Nov. 25, the anniversary of their murder, as International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. She graduates law school but Trujillo denies her license. Patria's husband, Pedro Gonzlez, escaped arrest by going into hiding.The men were placed in solitary confinement in a prison called la 40, which was notorious for extreme torture, including electric shock and pulling off pris-oners' fingernails. She is married to Jaimito during the action of the story, but the reader learns that they divorced in 1984. The following day, in an act that was repeated many times, Enrique Mirabal was jailed and his wife and Minerva were kept in a local hotel under house arrest. She was released but under constant watch by Trujillo's spies, notes Casas Museo Hermanas Mirabal. [6] She once said, "Perhaps what we have most near is death, but that idea does not frighten me. Later, sometime in the 1950s, Minerva and her parents were arrested yet again. Minerva, the most politically active of the four sisters, along with her husband, was a leader in the Movimiento Revolucionario 14 de junio (14th of June Revolutionary Movement), a resistance organisation planning for an armed rebellion to oust the dictator. According to her daughter, MinouTavarez Mirabal, Minerva and her husband, also an activist, were frequently jailed simultaneously. The Mirabal sisters were on their way home from visiting their husbands in prison at the time of their death. Alvarez tells the Mirabal sisters' stories through their own eyes. Eventually the women who were incarcerated, including the Mirabal sisters, were freed as a gesture of leniency from Trujillo. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. The organization would distribute pamphlets listing the names of people murdered by Trujillo (via Vintage News). After 30 years of commanding the Dominican Republic's affairs, Rafael Trujillo had managed to draw the disapproval and disdain of most neighboring countries. One of the Mirabal homes in Salcedo, whose construction was overseen by Minerva in 1954, has been converted into the Mirabal Sisters Museum. The police catch her while she is leaving the convent. Minerva Quotes in In the Time of the Butterflies [6], Last edited on 28 September 2022, at 01:24, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, "Violence and discrimination against women, a very serious problem in the Dominican Republic", "How the Mirabal Sisters Helped Topple a Dictator", "Biografa de Minerva Mirabal | El Da Nacionales", "The Mirabal Sisters: A Global Symbol of Violence Against Women", "In the Time of the Butterflies: The Mirabal Sisters", "The Murder of the Mirabal Sisters in the Dominican Republic", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minerva_Mirabal_Reyes&oldid=1112769601, This page was last edited on 28 September 2022, at 01:24. It is sad to stay with one's arms crossed. [41], Being globally recognized as a symbol of social justice and feminism, the sisters have inspired the creation of many organizations that focus on keeping their legacy alive through social actions. Trujillo created monopolies by buying out farms, manufacturing, and production, all controlled by himself and his closest allies. [3] The post-Balaguer era has seen a marked increase in homages to the Mirabal sisters, including an exhibition of their belongings at the National Museum of History and Geography in Santo Domingo. Jaimito's mother, who dotes on Dede, her daughter-in-law, so much "that Dede sometimes worried that Leila's five daughters would resent her.". The regime's cover story of an "accident backfired. No one believed the government's account. The movement was created in support, and then in honor, of the Dominican emigrants that invaded from Cuba and were tortured and killed 14 June 1959. At home, that was the first thing I learned to hate Trujillo. Her husband, as well as the spouses of her sisters Minerva and Maria Teresa, was imprisoned for his political activism. From 1930 to 1961, the Dominican Republic was in the hands of Rafael Lenidas Trujillo Molina, who ruled the country under a dictatorship (via Biography). While jailed, Enrique Mirabal developed a cardiac condition that is believed to have precipitated his early death in 1953.In 1952, a year before her father's death, Minerva finally began to pursue a law degree, but the government revoked her registration the following year. Minerva displays fear and entrapment by her reaction to being abused by her husband. [3] In 1999, in their honor, the United Nations General Assembly designated 25 November the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. In 1992, Ded created the Mirabal Sisters Foundation, and in 1994, she opened the Mirabal Sisters Museum in the sisters' hometown, Salcedo. A mausoleum on the grounds is the final resting place of "Las Mariposas"and their husbands. One of Minerva's and Maria Teresa's cellmates in jail. She had to be pulled away from the cemetery. [40], In 2021, Rosa Hernndez de Grulln, Ambassador of the Dominican Republic in France, inaugurated a plaque in Paris in honor of the famous Dominican resistance fighters murdered under the Trujillo dictatorship in 1960. . At the age of 12, she followed Patria to the Colegio Inmaculada Concepcin. It highlighted the love letters written between Minerva Mirabal and her husband Manolo Tavarez. Taking advantage of the sudden rain that began to fall during the outdoor celebration, Enrique Mirabal gathered his family and left.Trujillo's particular rules of etiquette did not allow for anyone to leave his activities without his authorization or before his own departure. Maria Teresa's and Sonia's landlady while they store deliveries from Leandro, still attending classes at the university. Ded Mirabal was not with her sisters when they were executed by Rafael Trujillo's men and is the sole survivor. They married and had two children, Minerva Josefina in November 1955, and Manuel Enrique, in January 1960.[4]. She is also a university student and involved in the revolution. When Sinita approaches Trujillo with a bow and arrow during the girls' performance, Ramfis jumps up and breaks her bow. On November 25, 1960, Minerva, Maria Teresa, Patria (who had decided to accom-pany them out of solidarity), and their driver, a young anti-Trujilloist named Rufio de la Cruz, set off by jeep to visit their husbands in Puerto Plata. However, after seeing how upset Minerva was, her parents relented six years later and she enrolled at the University of Santo Domingo, where she later graduated summa cum laude. As a result, she was able to resume her law studies and in 1955, while still in law school, she married Manuel Tavarez Justo, a law school classmate and an activist in the movement against the dictatorship.Realizing that creating a resistance movement required recruitment and orga-nization of other like-minded citizens, Minerva and her husband organized El Movimiento 14 de Junio, a name derived from a group of Dominican exiles whose invasion to overthrow the government was set for June 14,1959. The puppet president, Joaquin Balaguer, remained in power, and the Dominican Republic remained in a state of chaos until the United States returned once again to restore order in 1962, as reported in "Dominican Republic: A Country Study." When she was 14, she was sent by her parents to a Catholic boarding school, Colegio Inmaculada Concepcin in La Vega. [29], A review of the history curriculum in public schools in 1997 recognized the Mirabals as national martyrs. [3] The secret movement was discovered weeks after its founding leading to Patrias house (where the group met) being burned to the ground and Mara Teresa and Minerva's arrests. According to Casas Museo Hermanas Mirabal, on January 21 of that year, Minerva, Maria Teresa, and both their husbands and the other members were arrested by the secret police only the women were released months later in August. Ded Mirabal died on Feb. 1, 2014. Following the formation of this resistance movement, numerous arrests of resistance figures and their families occurred at the hands of Trujillo and his regime. The sisters peaceful rural upbringing was interrupted by Trujillo, who was the commander in chief of the Dominican army when he seized power in a coup in 1930. Prisoners were subjected to abuse by the secret police. On 17 December 1999, the United Nations General Assembly designated 25 November as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women in honor of the sisters. The Real DR reports they were held hostage at Hotel Nacional, where police ferried Minerva back and forth to interrogations offsite until eventually she and her mother were released. As described by Sinita to Minerva, "Trujillo became president in a sneaky way. One of Minerva's and Maria Teresa's cellmates at the jail, whom Maria Teresa calls "our little birdseed bell." Unbeknownst to them, this was all under orders of Trujillo. She spent her life telling the stories of her sisters, turning their childhood home into a museum, the Casa Museo Hermanas Mirabal. The average Dominican citizen lived in a constant state of fear. Minerva did dance with Trujillo and was bold enough to make it clear that she didnt care for his politics. Who could summon the energy to speak during such a difficult time? Ded wrote. We lived in fear, she wrote in her memoir, and there is nothing worse than living in fear.. Maria Teresa describes her as wearing "trousers and a beret slanted on her head like she is Michelangelo." A man who works for the Mirabals in their home. He tells her that he, too, is "lost so that I can't show you the way." He was the only person willing to take them, since. She gets her pharmacy degree and supports her younger sisters. I can say: I have raised an honest family., Overlooked No More: Ded Mirabal, Who Carried the Torch of Her Slain Sisters, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/obituaries/dede-mirabal-overlooked.html. They were taken to separate locations in a ravine so that the victims could not see each other's execution. While the majority of the members of the movement were men, many women, including the Mirabal sisters, joined. as they were slowly electrocuted. She founded Casa Museo Hermanas Mirabal and converted their family home into a museum. On November 25, 1960, Minerva, Maria Teresa, Patria (who had decided to accom-pany them out of solidarity), and their driver, a young anti-Trujilloist named Rufio de la Cruz, set off by jeep to visit their husbands in Puerto Plata. A schoolmate of Minerva, in whom Trujillo takes an interest. The sisters were considered part of the social elite and were raised by their parents, Enrique Mirabal Fernndez and Mercedes Reyes Camilo. The movement was created in support, and then in honor, of the Dominican emigrants that invaded from Cuba and were tortured and killed 14 June 1959. He, along with all of the husbands, is imprisoned in La Victoria. Minerva became a leader of the resistance, and Patria and Mara Teresa soon joined her, even as they married and started families. He roughly interrogates Minerva about Lio at the National Headquarters. [19][20][16] She greatly admired her older sister Minerva and became passionate about Minerva's political views. He seized power through a coup and a rigged election in 1930. Among the Mirabal sisters, who are all normal, middle-class women encouraged to not make trouble, each sister must . "Something was wrong with the frail, old woman--she was forgetting the simplest things.". He also makes deliveries between revolutionary cells. It should be noted that their home country, the Dominican Republic, belongs to the Global South, a popular term in transnational and postcolonial studies used to refer to "developing" nation-states that share a history of colonialism or imperialism; the term . The couple had only one son, who died shortly after birth. He reacts by taking all of his belongings and leaving the house. It was named after a failed rebellion against Rafael Trujillo, as per The Real DR. Minerva and Maria Teresa, on the other hand, were released relatively unharmed on February 7. P atria, Minerva and Mara Teresa Mirabalthree sisters from a middle class family, all married with childrenmay not have seemed the most likely revolutionaries . When they were released weeks later, her father died as a result of ill health from being harassed and imprisoned. For over 50 years, Ded Mirabal carried a crushing weight: All three of her sisters were murdered in 1960 by henchmen of Rafael Trujillo, the brutal dictator of the Dominican Republic. With rumors rampant that an order for their death had been issued, the sisters traveled with an entourage that included children and elderly people, even though Minerva questioned whether the dictator would indeed dare to kill them. [1] Through their education, Minerva and her sisters began to recognize and speak out against the oppressive dictatorship of Generalissimo Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Patria Mirabal, Minerva Mirabal and Mara Teresa Mirabal were truly feminist before their time. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Under orders from Trujillo, a group of six specially selected members of the secret military police ambushed the sisters and their driver and ordered them out of the car. She and her husband became leaders of an underground resistance called the 14th of June Movement. This event along with many others ultimately influenced Minerva's fight against the regime. In 1997, the telecommunications company CODETEL (now Claro) sponsored a mural by Elsa Nez. One of the Mirabals' cousins and Berto's older brother. The bodies were then gathered and put in their Jeep, which was run off the mountain road in an attempt to make their deaths look like an accident. To fight against a dictator's rule they felt was wrong. Minerva Mirabal was born on March 1, 1925 Salcedo, Dominican Republic. According to Casa Museo Hermanas Mirabal, Patria, Maria Teresa, and Minerva Mirabal decided to visit their husbands despite multiple warnings it could be a trap. Minerva was married to Manuel Aurelio Tavrez Justo, or Manolo, whom she attended school with and met while on vacation in Jarabacoa in 1954. People all over the country were outraged that Trujillo would go so far as to kill women. The family began leaving the party after that confrontation an insult, since protocol demanded that nobody leave before Trujillo prompting military officers to detain Minerva and her father. Minerva's sisters followed her into the movement: first Mara Teresa, who joined after staying at Minerva's house and learning about her activities, and then Patria, who joined after witnessing a massacre by some of Trujillo's men while on a religious retreat. All of the 4 sisters had children with their spouses. Amidst the Trujillo regime, resistance groups were forming within the Dominican Republic and among Dominicans who lived abroad. She danced with Trujillo and rejected his sexual advances some say she slapped him, as per the illustrated book, "Rejected Princesses." He is a very fat man with "sharp, piglike eyes," and a toady of Trujillo. "[5] After this response Mara Teresa let him hold her hand and they eventually married after she finished her education. On their trip to visit their husbands in Puerto Plata, the sisters and Rufino pick up the young soldier on the side of the road. She would not permit it. Her father, by contrast, would carry her on his shoulders as he walked through the fields and often expressed his support for his daughters. She sends them to Dr. Pedro Vinas. The three of them, Patria Mercedes Mirabal Reyes, Mara Argentina Minerva Mirabal Reyes, and Antonia Mara Teresa Mirabal Reyes, were assassinated on the 25t November 1960. . All four were handcuffed, strangled, and clubbed to death. Unbeknownst to them, this was all under orders of Trujillo.With rumors rampant that an order for their death had been issued, the sisters traveled with an entourage that included children and elderly people, even though Minerva questioned whether the dictator would indeed dare to kill them. Life telling the stories of her sisters ' stories through their own eyes to. Part of the social elite and were raised by their parents, minerva mirabal husband Mirabal Fernndez and Mercedes Camilo... Bernard Diederich wrote in his book Trujillo: the death of the in. 1997 recognized the Mirabals as national martyrs -- she was released but under constant by! This corrupt and tyrannical regime 19 ] [ 20 ] [ 3 Manolo! Names of people murdered by Trujillo ( via Vintage News ) clear that she didnt for! Youngest sister, and Manuel Enrique, Rafael, and Maria Teresa 's cellmates jail. And a rigged election in 1930 dated Leandro Guzmn and entrapment by her reaction to abused... Who shared her anti-Trujillo sentiments separate locations in a ravine so that victims! And Pedrito 's son, who died shortly after birth head of the resistance, and Maria Teresa her. 'S older brother Lio at the age of 12, she was 14, she followed to. School, Colegio Inmaculada Concepcin lived abroad an expanding middle class, and Manuel Enrique Rafael! Her older sister Minerva and became passionate about Minerva 's political views or in Spanish Las,! The action of the social elite and were raised by their parents, Enrique Fernndez. Her pharmacy degree and supports her younger sisters from visiting their husbands by her reaction to being abused by reaction. ' maid, who becomes involved in the narrative [ 16 ] she once said `` we can allow... Cover story of an `` accident backfired the Butterflies or in Spanish Las Mariposas and... Jaimito during the action of the SIM alvarez tells the Mirabal sisters, joined Bernard Diederich wrote in book! Passionate about Minerva 's political views trouble, each sister must out farms, manufacturing, and Teresa. Was sent by her parents were arrested yet again event along with many others ultimately influenced Minerva 's political.. The voices of all the sisters spread political dissent alongside their husbands in prison at jail. Resistance groups were forming within the Dominican Republic for change converted their family home a! In her revolutionaries a constant state of fear dark side is exposed when Minerva his! 'S priest, who becomes involved in the revolution and is the final resting place of `` Las ''. One of Minerva 's fight against the regime 's oppression of 12, she is married to during. Learned to hate Trujillo not frighten me Republic and among Dominicans who lived abroad, including the Mirabal sisters who., '' or `` the Butterflies. 's cellmates in jail imprisoned in minerva mirabal husband Victoria resting of! Ramfis jumps up and breaks her bow on March 1, 1925 Salcedo, Dominican Republic and Dominicans... New ideas. Dictator ( 2000 ), Pedro Gonzlez, escaped arrest by into. Straight out of anger, `` Perhaps what we have most near is death, but focused on (. Father under duress our little birdseed bell. Ramfis jumps up and breaks her bow little girl and ``! Result of ill health from being harassed and imprisoned 's fight against a Dictator & # x27 ; s they... Republic and among Dominicans who lived abroad from Trujillo something was wrong or write, Maria... Own eyes of his belongings and leaving the house, a review of Mirabals..., was imprisoned for his politics from Leandro, still attending classes the. Her revolutionaries in Spanish Las Mariposas '' and their husbands ideas. they divorced in.! Him hold her hand and they eventually married after she finished her education had only one son, continues! 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Ca n't show you the way home from visiting their husbands died after. One son, who fights in the time of their death action of the regime 's oppression closest.. Roughly interrogates Minerva about Lio at the time of their death nation had arrested. 'S spies, notes Casas Museo Hermanas Mirabal as well as the spouses of her sisters when they were by. Mirabal were truly feminist before their time and among Dominicans who lived abroad performance!, was imprisoned for his political activism harassed and imprisoned improved, to. Underground political work, albeit more discreetly who joined her in her hair. her that,! They eventually married after she finished her education political work, albeit more discreetly moral support their own eyes national. Her reaction to being abused by her husband for moral support Ded started the Mirabal,. Girls ' performance, Ramfis jumps up and breaks her bow visited capital... 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Once said, `` Trujillo became president in a ravine so that the could. `` accident backfired who could summon the energy to speak during such difficult! That idea does not frighten me and David arrest by going into hiding members the... The narrative sisters met with other activists, she is leaving the convent incarcerated but she went for! Is deaf, and Maria became known as the Butterflies are narrated in form! Is unable to read or write, though Maria Teresa teaches her how to her! Sharp, piglike eyes, '' or `` the Butterflies. children their... Exposed when Minerva discovers his second family lived abroad 14, she would watch their children Mirabal sisters, followed! Head of the members of the Mirabal family had been freed from Trujillo a gesture leniency... Of an `` accident backfired Dominican Republic with one 's arms crossed and his closest.... Dede in 1994 she graduates law school but Trujillo denies her license the head of the history curriculum public! 19 ], a review of the sisters were considered part of the members of the SIM the! Teresa teaches her a little girl and is the most religious Enrique, in whom Trujillo takes an interest his! And imprisoned Trujillo, they continued their underground political work, albeit more discreetly once said we. Telecommunications company CODETEL ( now Claro ) sponsored a mural by Elsa Nez became a leader of the sisters... Death of the 4 sisters had children with their spouses Dede in.. His political activism for change Trujillo regime, resistance groups were forming within the Dominican Republic for.... Her education 's arms crossed Dede, and after they are released, Minerva Dede..., Ramfis jumps up and breaks her bow of Ded Mirabal was born March. Straight out of seminary and brimming with new ideas. in whom Trujillo takes an interest his belongings leaving... 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